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RTD-RESULTS database contains : 13067 records

Entry dates are between 1991-11-13 and 1996-03-13

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Record No. 1 of 8
Title : Thermoacoustic sensor for monitoring ultrasonic devices
Abstract : A thermoacoustic sensor has been developed for the monitoring of ultrasonic convertors and ultrasonic devices. The sensor can be calibrated. Reference: Offer number G01-BS-293 from Technological Innovations from Germany, DIHT, Bonn.
COR : IHK Braunschweig
ADR : Innovationsberatungsstelle Postfach 3269
CIT : Braunschweig
REG : Braunschweig, krfr.St.
POC : 38022
CNY : GERMANY (DE)
TEL : +49-531-4715253
FAX : +49-531-4715299
Record No. 2 of 8
ORG : ERA Technology Ltd
Title : Oxide thickness measurements to estimate tube temperatures
Abstract : The thickness of oxide on the inside of ferritic boiler tubes can now be determined by ultrasonic measurements made from the outside of the tubes. The thickness can be used to estimate an average tube metal temperature if the time of exposure is known. The accuracy and sensitivity of the technique depends on the ultrasonic instrument and probe used, and a detailed knowledge of the properties of the oxide. Several commercial systems are now available with no public details of the basis of the results, but the system available from this project is based on a much more detailed understanding of the processes involved which is used openly to justify the results. It is considered that additional detailed long term data are needed to further substantiate the technique, and also to consider different methods of measuring the oxide thickness, which would further advance the value of the technique.
MCO : ELECTRICIDADE DE PORTUGAL
CNM : MEADOWCROFT, D D B
POS : Principal Engineer
DEP : Structral Integrity Division
COR : ERA Technology Ltd
ADR : Cleeve Road
CIT : Leatherhead
REG : Surrey
POC : KT22 7SA
CNY : UNITED KINGDOM (GB)
Record No. 3 of 8
Title : Methods for evaluation of reinforcement techniques in buildings
Abstract : Nondestructive testing methods have been assessed for diagnostics, recovery and final check of restoring techniques related to the rehabilitation of historical buildings. A promising method is a ground prospecting radar (GPR) system which transmits electromagnetic energy to the medium to be investigated and receives the energy reflected back by any internal nonuniformity. Two different GPR methodologies used were transparency measurements and reflection measurements which detected variations ascribable to physical changes in the historic structures. The method proved successful not only for the investigation of homogeneous marbles and massive rock bodies, but also for the detection of thin fractures and humidity variations. The methodology appears suitable for modern buildings. Mathematical methods have been developed within the context of system identification to estimate stiffness characteristics and, possibly, detect areas where reinforcement is needed. Parameter estimation methods can be used a nondestructive inspection technique and can be interpreted as a complement to other techniques (GPR, ultrasonic investigation, seismic tomography). The parameter estimation technique is being applied to masonry walls subjected to quasistatic load conditions. To this end, a test rig has been developed for the application of quasistatic loads to masonry walls. In this case displacements are the measured quantities and several investigations related to reinforcement methods are possible at low cost. The experimental program also included pseudodynamic tests in order to evaluate the effect of seismic actions on different kinds of injections. In addition, they allowed checking of numerical models for dynamic analysis.
MCO : Universita degli Studi di Trieste Istituto di Scienza delle Costruzioni
CNM : NAPPI, Alfonso
DEP : Civil Engineering
COR : University of Trieste
CIT : Trieste
REG : Trieste
CNY : ITALY (IT)
Record No. 4 of 8

Title : Photovoltaic current generator applications
Abstract : A crop irrigation system, powered by a photovoltaic current generator, has been developed. A microprocessor controls water supply and the addition of nutrients. It can be programmed to operate at set periods, or can respond directly to sensors indicating soil humidity, plant surface temperature, and ambient light. A system for measuring and recording significant data from photovoltaic systems has been developed. The system uses a removable cartridge for storing data, which can be transferred elsewhere for analysis. A low energy consumption ultrasonic washing machine, powered by a photovoltaic current generator, has been developed. It comprises a rotating drum, immersed in degassed water, with a submersible magnetostrictive transducer of working frequency 20 kHz, a water heater, and acoustic insulation. A low energy consumption refrigerator, powered by a photovoltaic current generator, has been developed. The temerature (5 C) in maintained by water ice created by the spinal heat pipe. A small refrigerator (45 l) will last 5 days without sunlight or battery backup; a large one (1000 l) 3 days. A reversible ventilator system, powered by a photovoltaic current generator, has been developoed to maintain a constant temperature within a house during a warm day.
MCO : Italsolar SpA
CNM : FONZI, F (Dr)
COR : Italenergie SpA
ADR : Viale della Repubblica 39
CIT : Sulmona
REG : L'Aquila
POC : 67039
CNY : ITALY (IT)
TEL : +39-6-8543236
Record No. 5 of 8
Title : Neural networks for industry
Abstract : The aim of the project was to find out which of several generic problem areas, such as pattern recognition, sensor fusion, and adaptive control and optimization, are best approached using neural networks. A survey on the systematics and capabilities of neural networks, their architecture and applications and hardware available for neural network simulation has been performed. Areas of applications where neural networks might complete or out perform conventional techniques have been selected: image processing and inspection, robotics, optimization and technology transfer. With respect to the inspection work, 2 problem areas related to nondestructive testing were chosen, visual inspection of solder joints and ultrasonic testing of pressure vessels. The work stimulated a large internal programme on graph matching, and now a package called MatchFinder, which enables automatic matching and comparison of gas liquid chromatography (GLC), is being marketed. Neural networks can be of considerable help in the visualization and analysis of multivariate data. Further work has been carried out on NETVision (renamed RENDER) for use as a tool for the pharmaceutical industry to help analyse structure activity relationships in drug design. The robotics work developed a prototype of an autonomous roving vehicle. This work has been found very useful in approaching the problem of collision avoidance. Neural networks have also been found to be an ideal means of monitoring the oscillations of flexible structures and controlling them using a damping system based around a neural network. Work on optimization involved an application for airline end user and crew scheduling problems. A first prototype has been produced, and the follow up work planned aims to produce a crew scheduling product. Applications in banking and finance are also planned to exploit the project's results. Technology transfer has involved the production of a handbook and a neurocomputers and hardware bo ok should be published soon.
MCO : UK ATOMIC ENERGY AUTHORITY Microelectronics Materials Centre/Technical
CNM : COLLINGWOOD, J C (Dr)
COR : United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority
ADR : Harwell Laboratory
CIT : Didcot
POC : OX11 0RA
CNY : UNITED KINGDOM (GB)
TEL : +44-235-24141
TLX : 83135 ATOMHA G
FAX : +44-235-432726
Record No. 6 of 8
Title : Permeation barriers for deuterium and tritium in stainless steel
Abstract : It has been reported that by implanting helium into nickel targets at energy levels in the region of 25 keV and up to 1E17 helium ions per square centimetre, diffusion traps for deuterium would be obtained. These traps consist of defects, clusters and bubbles of helium and are reported to decrease significantly the diffusion of deuterium in nickel. In order to find out the efficiency of a helium barrier in stainless steel (first wall and blanket material), the following implantations are required: different doses of helium ion, at different energies and low temperature; different doses of deuterium ion at low energies and elevated temperatures to allow for deuterium diffusion; deuteration of targets which contain no helium. The samples were ground, lapped and polished with diamond paste to obtain a surface roughness of about 0.1 um. They were also subjected to ultrasonic cleaning and were finally degreased and dried in air. Under these conditions no oxide layer on the treated surface could be detected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). On the other hand, Auger electron spectrometry (AES) revealed an oxygen concentration profile which corresponds to an oxygen layer of about 100 angstroms. In the implantation experiments, due to technical difficulties in cooling the target, the helium ions were implanted at a temperature of about 200 C and the deuterium ions at about 100 C for 20 minutes. It was expected that the deuterium concentration profiles would be different in shape and extension, because the diffusion barrier would prevent the deuterium transport to the bulk. After the implementation, the elastic recoil determination (ERD) spectra were determined. The conclusions drawn from the shape of the spectra were completely opposite to those expected. The deuterium concentration distribution in the samples (which contain helium and deuterium) is of the same shape and intensity, which means that the implantation procedure was reproducible. However, the deuteriu m is evenly distributed between the surface and a depth of about 1000 angstroms, instead of showing the typical implantation profile. Possibly back diffusion to the surface or slow desorption have smoothed the intial part of the profile. The deuterium distribution in the samples containing only deuterium is again reproducible, but in place of a deuterium concentration profile extending deep into the bulk, as was expected, the ERD spectra show a deuterium peak near the surface, as if there were a segregation of deuterium. A comparison of the spectra of the targets shows that the deuterium peak of the sample containing only deuterium is about 10 times higher than that of the sample containing helium and deuterium. Some explanation of this behaviour is still to be revealed.
CNM : SCHILLER, P
DEP : Institute for Advanced Mate
rials (IAM)
COR : Joint Research Centre , Petten
CIT : Petten
REG : Alkmaar E.O.
POC : 1755 ZG
CNY : NETHERLANDS (NL)
Record No. 7 of 8
Title : Ultrasonic determination of the true size of natural flaws in large
Abstract : Ultrasonics is the only practical nondestructive method for providing data on subsurface defects in forged components for fracture mechanics assessment, however there are limitations in applying the technique for some types of defect. Alternative advanced ultrasonic examination methods have been studied, in particular an echodynamic technique, to improve the rather imprecise data defect size yielded by currently employed methods. Measurements have been made on forging segments cut from a 3.5% nickel chromium molybdenum vanadium turbine disc and a 1.5% chromium molybdenum vanadium rotor using semimechanised inspection equipment, and indications evaluated by an echodynamic method and other accepted techniques. For small flaws (of less than 2 wavelengths) results confirm that the best method for determining the flaw size is the AVG method, whereas for larger flaws the echodynamic method shows promise. Ultrasonic measurements have also been made with 2 automated systems (DRUID and P-Scan) with the objective of assessing the capability of these techniques to locate all defects relevant to component safety, and to document their position, size and length. These systems have demonstrated their ability to reliably record defect indications and to help to overcome errors which are unavoidable during prolonged manual scanning. Further automated inspections are planned after which the forgings will be destructively examined to determine the true size of defects.
CNM : GOODE, G E
COR : NEI Parsons Ltd
CIT : Newcastle upon Tyne
REG : Tyne and Wear
POC : NE6 2YL
CNY : UNITED KINGDOM (GB)
Record No. 8 of 8
Title : Non-destructive evaluation of composite materials: Delamination detection via holographic interferometry
Abstract : Laser holographic interferometry was used for the detection of impact induced damage in graphite epoxy composites. Damaged specimens, which had received 3 different levels of impact energy, were tested as well as undamaged specimens. Real time holography was applied while the specimens were thermally strained. For small temperature increases (1 to 3 C), irregular fringe patterns of closed shape were observed. They began to form at the impacted areas, and the more damaged the specimen was, the sooner they appeared and extended. These fringes are indicative of deformation anomalies and, consequently, of the presence of defects. In contrast, the virgin specimens always produced regular fringe patterns. These results compare favourably with the C-scan images obtained from
CNM : LUCIA, A C
COR : Joint Research Centre , Ispra
CIT : Ispra
REG : Varese
POC : 21020
CNY : ITALY (IT)

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Rolf Diederichs 21. March 1996, info@ndt.net