This paper describes two human factors projects sponsored by EPRI. The first one is a computer based training system that provides an economical and robust system for training NDE personnel in data analysis. It currently uses ultrasonic data but could easily be adopted for other methods of NDE. The second project resulted in the development of a software program that predicts the success NDE candidates will have passing a performance demonstration. This is done by measuring aptitudes that are necessary for individuals to perform NDE. It can be used to screen possible candidates to participate in a performance demonstration or attend an NDE education program. The Virtual Non Destructive Evaluation system (VNDE) provides electronically created substitutes for the real spaces, objects, and functions requires for NDE examinations, ie, the computer and mouse substitute for the ultrasonic instrument and transducer, respectively. As a consequence of its operating in a synthetic environment, the VNDE provides capabilities for training and performance testing that may not be possible with real systems in either laboratory or field settings. For example, the capability for enhanced data capture provides the basis for more precise performance measurement, more timely feedback on operator proficiency, and more complete diagnosis of operator strengths and weaknesses. This paper describes the background and development of the VNDE, and introduces the three modes in which the system operates - practice, performance cast, and scenario generation.- Practice Mode provides for operator practice in examining each of a set of virtual pipe-weld specimens and for presenting feedback on operator performance. The term scenario refers to a specific practice specimen and all the material and performance characteristics associated with that specimen. For example, a scenario might consist of a pipe-weld of 12-inch diameter, 1-inch thickness stainless pipe containing a single axial flaw on the upstream side of the weld for which the 45° and 60° shear wave examination techniques are appropriate.
- Performance Test Mode provides for selecting a set of scenarios and assembling them into a performance test. The performance test may then be automatically administered and scored to assess practical operator proficiency.
- Scenario Generation Mode provides data (including a library of waveforms obtained from actual reflectors-flaws, counterbores, weld roots) and tools for use in the development of new ultrasonic examination scenarios. While the waveforms and tools are relatively easy to use, the development of scenarios for use in training and testing requires the knowledge and perspective of experts in the application of ultrasonic NDE techniques.
The Dynamic Inspection Aptitude Test (DIAT) was developed to predict success in the application of non destructive testing methods that require the combined aptitudes of general cognitive ability, abstract reasoning , spatial visualisation, pattern recognition, and stress tolerance. The test is computer administered and scored, requiring 36 minutes of testing time. Validation studies showed that the test was highly reliable, correlated with other measures of these key aptitudes, and was predictive of the job performance of ultrasonic examiners prior to demonstrating their capabilities on flawed mockups. These results indicated that the DIAT can be used with confidence for the early identification of individuals who will benefit most from training and experience on non destructive testing tasks, and who will be most likely to meet NDE qualification standards.
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