It was established that greater or less changes of the ultrasonic speed correspond to different internal stresses. The most significant changes take place with increasing the static distortions of the crystal lattice of steels. Microstresses and stresses of the first kind (macrostresses) affect to less extent. Results of measurements of the ultrasonic parameters during cyclic loadings show the linear ultrasonic speed decrease and attenuation factor increase with growth of the number of cycles to the moment of a macrocrack nucleation, after that the indicated parameters abruptly increase. By the moment of macrocrack and macropores nucleation the ultrasonic speed decrease by 0.8 -1.0%. This allows to evaluate the residual component life at least based on two results of the ultrasonic volume and surface wave speed and attenuation measurements obtained in different service time.