Aspects of pattern recognition and feature extraction have been applied to ultrasonic NDE for over 25 years. From initial intrigue to the practical realisation that one cannot by magic alone simply use pattern recognition or neural nets to solve difficult problems, the subject has resurfaced a countless number of times in hope, promise and desperation for solving certain problems in material and defect classification. A deep understanding of physics and wave mechanics is absolutely necessary to efficiently tackle these difficult flaw detection, classification, and sizing problems. This realisation shows that "signature" techniques are only useful if one never changes the test parameters or the test component in developing careful detailed case history studies. Any change in test parameters such as transducer size, frequency, frequency content, incident angles, reception procedures, etc. or in component material, geometries or the defect type will seriously challenge the "signature" technique unless there is a sound physical basis for the use of such a signature. Recent work has been focused on acquiring this deep understanding of wave mechanics that can then provide us with the best possible chance of solving a problem. Wave mechanics can point to reliable suggestions for new kinds of physically based data collection and subsequent effective feature extraction for use in a neural net algorithm development programme. Even though some progress has been made on the use of bulk longitudinal and/or shear waves for defect classification, the purpose of this paper is to exploit the potential of guided waves in flaw classification analysis. The multi-mode character of guided waves offers the required redundancy in improving the probability of detection and also in establishing a rich and complete data base for use in neural net flaw classification algorithm development. The use of Boundary Element Methods are also used to select promising features for reflector classification purposes. Neural nets are superb for algorithm development and implementation purposes in transforming a number of promising feature observations and expectations to a decision algorithm. Aspects of guided wave analysis are presented that are critical to use of neural net analysis, from data acquisition and feature source methodology, onto neural nets for the development of a decision algorithm. Along with general philosophic discussions, a sample problem of defect characterisation in tubing is presented, whereby specific feature sources characteristic of a tone burst swept frequency approach are used in the development of specific flaw classification decision algorithm.