A. Eddy Current C-scan Images

1. A. D. Little Splice Joint Samples

The eddy current inspection data of the one foot length lap splice joint samples are illustrated. The first sample is a reference sample that contained no corrosion and only one image of this sample is shown as a comparison with the second sample containing corrosion. C-scan images of the second sample which contained intergranular corrosion in localized areas of approximately 0.007 inch depth are shown for all scanners used in the eddy current demonstrations. There is no visual evidence of corrosion seen in the second sample.

Reference Sample. 0.040 inch thickness with no corrosion

Krautkramer, Branson, Hocking manual scanner. No corrosion is shown. Intergranular Corrosion Sample, 0.040 inch thickness with ~ 0.007 inch depth corrosion


Krautkramer, Branson, Hocking manual scanner. Corrosion is shown in orange and white


DuPont, CalData, Zetec automated scanner. Corrosion is shown in black and yellow


SAIC Ultra Image International manual scanner. Corrosion is shown in orange, yellow. and green.


Infometrics manual scanner with eddy current instrument (Nortec 19e). Corrosion is shown in yellow, green, and red.


SmartEDDY manual scanner. Corrosion is shown in green and dark blue.


McDonnell Douglas semi-automaic scanner. Corrosion is shown in orange and red

2. Large 0.07 Inch Thickness Panel

The eddy current inspection data of an eight inch square section of the panel is illustrated for four of the scanners. The corrosion displayed was due to exfoliation with a redaction in Sickness of approximately 0.005 inches. Extensive pillowing of the panel surface between the rivet locations was also present.


Krautkramer Branson image of the corrosion shown in orange and white.


Dupont image of me corrosion shown in yellow.


ABB Amdata image of the corrosion shown in orange, yellow, and dark blue.


Infometrics image of the corrosion shown in green, yellow, and red

3. B737 Airplane Locations

The following illustrations show the physical attachment of the scanners on the B737 airplane and the resultant C-scan eddy current inspection images obtained during the demonstrations.

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Krautkramer, Branson, Hocking with Paul Martin articulating the manual scanner .


Corrosion is shown in orange arround BS 877 and BS 887.


DuPont, CalData, Zetec with Kim Kober adjusting the automated scanner.


Corrosion is shown in areas around BS 877 and BS 887.


ABB Amdata automated scanner attached to the B737 at BS 877. The C-scan eddy current image for BS 877 and BS 887 is shown to the right where corrosion is shown in red and dark blue.


SAIC manual scanner at BS 887 with Raymond Zickus articulating the scanner.


Corrosion is shown in dark blue around BS 877 and BS 887.


Infometrics manual scanner attached to the B737 BS 877. The C-scan eddy current image for BS 877 and BS 887 is shown to the right where corrosion is indicated in light green and yellow.


Black areas in the image are due to missing data characteristic of labor intensive manual scanning when insufficient time is taken to cover all data points.


SmartEDDY Systems acoustic triangulation manual scanner shown at left is being articulated by Duane Johnson to obtain the above C-scan image at BS 877 and 887. Corrosion is shown in dark green and yellow.


McDonnell Douglas with Nancy Wood articulating the MAUS III scanner.


Corrosion is shown in magenta and blue around BS 877 and BS 887.

B. Ultrasonic C-scan Images

1. Tear Strap Disbond Samples

Three ultrasonic C-scan images are illustrated for the tear strap disbond calibration samples.


Krautkramer, Branson manual scanner image of the disbond calibration sample. The disbond area is shown in dark blue (no adhesive) and the bonded area is shown in light blue (epoxy adhesive).


Infometrics manual scanner image of the disbond calibration sample. The disbond area is shown in white (no adhesive) and e bonded area is shown in dark blue (epoxy adhesive).


Panametrics automated scanner image of the disbond calibration sample. The disbond area is shown in dark blue (no adhesive) and the bonded area is shown in light blue (epoxy adhesive).

2. Boron/Epoxy Composite Repair Patches

Five ultrasonic C-scan images are illustrated showing defects in the Textron boron/epoxy repair patch sample.


Kraukramer Branson manual scanner image of defects in the six ply region of the sample. The defects are shown in yellow.


SAIC manual scanner image of the defects in the six ply region of the sample. The defects are in yellow and red .


Infometrics manual scanner image of the defects in the six ply region of the sample. The defects are in yellow.


Panametrics automated scanner image of the four and six ply regions of the sample. The defects are in yellow.


Failure Analysis array image of the 6 ply region of the-sample. The cross section view of the data across the flaws shows the depth resolution achived with the array transducers.

3. B737 Airplane Locations for Ultrasonic Demonstrations

With the same physical attachment shown above for the Krautkramer Branson scanner, the DuPont scanner, and the ABB Amdata scanner, the following ultrasonic C-scan images were obtained for the B737 aircraft locations BS 877 between stringers S22R and S23R.


Krautkramer Branson manual ultrasonic C-scan image showing corrosion in yellow. Gray area in the image is missing data due to labor intensive manual scanning when insufficient time is taken to cover all data points.


DuPont automated ultrasonic C-scan image showing a tear strap disbond at BS 877 in dark blue.


ABB Amdata automated ultrasonic C-scan image showing corrosion at BS 877 in blue.

The following illustrations show a number of the ultrasonic scanners attached to the aircraft with the C-scan inspection results.


SAIC automated scanner being adjusted by Raymond Zickus.


SAIC automated ultrasonic C-scen image showing corrosion at BS 877. Image nonuniformity was due to difficulty in maintaining transducer perpendicularity during the scan.


Failure Analysis array scanner attached to the B737 at BS 877 with Tom Davis checking the placement of the scanner.


Failure Analysis ultrasonic array 8 x 8 inch C-scan image at BS 877. Area of corrosion is shown in light blue surrounded by green.


Failure Analysis Array attached to the B737 at the boron/epoxy repair patch with Elm Harrington at the portable computer.


Image of repair patch showing defects in dark blue and green.


Sierra Matrix and heads up display with a manual scanner attached to the B737. Meaningful C-scan images of the corrosion at BS 877 were not obtained


Panametrics portable scanner on a bench top. Shown is a scan of the Textron Specialty Materials boron/epoxy repour sample. A demonstration on the B737 was not made.