TABLE 1
SCANNER EVALUATION MATRIX FOR EDDY CURRENTAND ULTRASONIC C-SCAN IMAGING OF INSPECTION RESULTS

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5 Ideal, meets all requirements for aircraft applications. UT = Ultrasonic Test, ET = Eddy current Test
FEATURE AND FACTORS COMPANY AND SCANNER
Krautkramer
Branson
Hocking

ANDSCAN
DuPont
CalData
Zetec

PORTASCAN
ABB
Amdata


AMAPS
MATEC
SONIX


HANDI-SCAN
DESIGN
Basic Design and Scan Motion 4 Tilting Radial Arm wash circular motion Manual & Random 4 Tilting Arm Bridge h X-Y linear motion Automated 3 Cantilever Arm with rigid X-Y linear motion Automated 3 Tilting Arm Bridge X-Y inter motion Manual & Random
Mount Type 3 Three suction cups in series with one hand vacuum pump 4 Three independent suction cups with three manual vacuum pumps 2 Numerous suction cups in series, one AC vacuum pump 3 Static rubber suction cups without manual vacuum pumps
Probe Holder and Gimbals Design 5 Excellent 4 Good 4 Good 3 Adequate
Couplant Feed UT only, NA for ET 5 Water drip teed at lifted probe holder 5 Water drip teed at lifted probe holder 5 Water drip teed at probe holder 2 Manual spray or wipe on with cloth
Scanner Working Distance Height 4 Minimum 10 inches 4 Minimum 10 inches 3 Minimum 12 inches 4 Minimum 6 inches
X-Y Axis Resolution 5 0.012 inch 5 0.01 inch 5 0.01 inch 5 0.005 inch
PORTABILITY
Scanner Weigth 4 4 lbs 4 5 lbs 2 25 lbs 4 1 lb
Ruggedness 5 Excellent 5 Excellent 5 Excellent 4 Good
Deployment Ease 5 Excellent 5 Excellent 3 Adequate 5 Excellent
Computer Hardware 5 Excellent 5 All in suitcase size 4 Good 5 Excellent
Motor Controller x Not applicable 5 Card in PC 3 Heavy, rack mounted x Not applicable
ARTICULATION
Complex Shapes 4 Scanner is usable on flat and irregular shapes with dual curvatures 3 Scanner is usable on moderate dual curvatures at vertical sides and overhead 3 Scanner is usable on large flat and moderate dual curvatures that are vertical and overhead 3 Scanner is usable on moderate dual curvatures at vertical sides and overhead
Surface Conditions 4 No problem over pillowing or raised rivets/joints etc. 3 No problem over pillowing and lap joints, no raised rivets 3 No problem over pillowing and lap joints, no raised rivets 4 No problem over pillowing or raised rivets/joints etc.
PERFORMANCE
Speed of Coverage 3 2 sq. ft. at 0.1 in. spot size, 15-30 minutes 4 2 sq. ft. at 0.1 in. spot size, 10-15 minutes 4 2 sq. ft. at 0.1 in. spot size, 10-15 minutes 3 2 sq. ft. at 0.1 in. spot size, 15-30 minutes
Accuracy 5 Excellent 5 Excellent 4 Good 4 Good
Problems encountered during Demonstration 4 Suction cup feet relax and slip after extended use 4 Probe was not held firmly against curved and overhead surface 3 Scanner fell to floor 3 times during test, due to suction cup failures 3 Sensor mount design did not keep sensor securely in holder
USABILITY
Ease of Scan for Examiner 2 Area greater than 1 sq. ft. is very labor intensive 4 Area greater than 1sq. ft. is easily done even overhead scans 4 Area greater than 1sq. ft. is easily done even overhead scans 2 Area greater than 1 sq. ft. is very labor intensive
Vertical Obstruction Clearance Needed 4 Scanner height plus examiner arm clearsence 4 Scanner height plus tilt angle of scanner arm 3 Scanner working distance heigth 4 Scanner height plus examiner arm clearance
SOFTWARE
Ease of Use for Examiner 4 Easy user menus 4 Easy user menus 4 Easy user menus 4 Easy user menus. Single letter select
Ease of Setup Input Parameters 4 Icon file menu for easy input parameters 4 Routine user mode easy to define scan 4 Routine user mode easy to define scan 4 Easy setup file input or change on-screen data
Data Acquisition 4 8 bit analog input digitizer 386/20 PC min. 5 8 bit digitizer486/25 PC 4 16 bit digitizer486/33 PC 4 8 bit digitizer386 PC
Image Display
Image Aspect Ratio
4 Real time 16 colors 1 to 1 5 256 color/gray scale, 1 to 1 2 Real time 9 colors may not be 1 to 1 2 Real time 16 colors may not be 1 to 1
Image & Data Processing 5 Zoom, 3D, TOF, B-scan, new palettes etc. 5 Zoom, spreadsheet view, 3D, B-scan, etc. 5 Zoom differential view, new null point, etc. 5 Zoom, palette change B-can, TOF, etc.
Hard Copy 5 Yes with print screen software & printer 5 Yes with print screen software & printer 5 Yes with print screen software & printer 5 Yes with print screen software & printer
Operator Training for Experience Level 4 2 to 3 days
Level II
4 2 to 3 days
Level II
3 3 to 5 days
Level II
4 2 to 3 days
Level II
NDI Mode Support
Ultrasonic (UT)
Eddy Current (ET)
Bond Tester
5 Any analog output
Tested/KB USD 10
Tested/Phasec 3.4
Yes/Test Simulated
5 Any analog output
Tested/Quantum QBT
Tested/MIZ 22
Yes/Test Simulated
5 Any analog output
Tested/ABB PC Card
Tested/ABB PC Card
Yes/Test Simulated
5 Any analog output
Tested/Explorer 9000
Yes/Not Tested
Yes/Not Tested
COST
Hardware & Software 4 ~$40,000 for scanner and software. PC and NDI instrument separate 3 ~$50.000 total system and software, EC instrument separate 3 ~$35,000 one mode sysplus $40,000 for scanner,track and controller 4 ~$36,000 for PC,UT cards, scanner, software, EC instrument separate
SUMMARY
Pros Handy local area scanner for all geometries, fast coarse scan with fine scan overlap at areas of interest. Good scanner for local and large areas little effort required for long inspection times. Fast large area scanner, 16 bit digitizer allows new EC null for processing images without rescan. Light weight easy attachment. Can choose min. max or last data point for real time display.
Cons Tedious for large area and overhead scans, surface is scratched slightly, tiring for long inspection times. Sensor holder severely scratched aluminum surfaces. Heavy scanner, two man operation above ground level. Probe holder inadequate for easy probe articulation. Not easy to fill image area.
Conclusion Excellent manual scanner for small area ET examinations, but not so easy for UT exams. Excellent automated and easy to use scanner for most ET and UT inspections. Very good scanner for large area scans of moderate geometry. Not readily usable for UT exams but adequate for ET small area inspections.

continued
FEATURE AND FACTORS COMPANY AND SCANNER
SAIC
Ultra Image
International

ULTRAIMAGE IV
SAIC
Ultra Image
International

ULTRAIMAGE IV
Infometrics



MS-XY-2
SmartEDDY
Systems


SAC GP10
DESIGN
Basic Design and Scan Motion 2 Cantilever Arm with rigid X-Y linear motion
Manually driven
3 Cantilever Arm with rigid X-Y linear motion
Automated
3 Tilting Arm Bridgewith X-Y linear motion
Manual & random
3 PZT sound microphones con
Manual & random
Mount Type 4 Two large suction cups with independent manual vacuum pumps 4 Three suction cups with check valves for parallel vauum from AC pump 3 Static rubber suction cups without manual vacuum pumps 4 Microphon with small suction AC vacuum pump
Probe Holder and Gimbals Design 3 Adequate but needs improvement 3 Adequate but needs improvement 3 Adequate but needs improvement x NA
Couplant Feed
UT only, NA for ET
2 Spray or wipe on 4 Water flow at transducer 2 Spray or wipe on x NA
Scanner Working Distance Height 3 Minimum 12 inches 3 Minimum 12 inches 4 Minimum 6 inches 5 Minimum 2 inches
X-Y Axis Resolution 5 0.04 inch 5 0.04 inch 5 0.01 inch 5 0.01 inch
PORTABILITY
Scanner Weigth 3 15 lbs 2 25 lbs 4 5 lbs 5 5 ounces
Ruggedness 3 Adequate 3 Adequate 4 Good 5 Excellent
Deployment Ease 4 Good 4 Good 5 Excellent 5 Excellent
Computer Hardware 5 Excellent 5 Excellent 5 Excellent 5 Excellent
Motor Controller x Not Applicable 5 Card in PC slot x Not Applicable x Not Applicable
ARTICULATION
Complex Shapes 3 Scanner is usable on large flat and moderate dual curvatures that are vertical and under sides 3 Scanner is usable on large flat and moderate dual curvatures that are vertical and under sides 3 Scanner is usable on moderate dual curvatures at vertical sides and under sides 5 Scanner is complex surface protrusions etc. and under sides
Surface Conditions 3 No problem over pillowing and lap joints, no raised rivets 3 No problem over pillowing and lap joints, no raised rivets 4 No problem over pillowing and lap joints, no raised rivets 5 No problem over pillowing or raise on rivets/joints etc.
PERFORMANCE
Speed of Coverage 2 2 sq. ft. at 0.1 in. spot size, 30-45 minutes 3 2 sq. ft. at 0.1 in. spot size, 20-30 minutes 3 2 sq. ft. at 0.1 in. spot size, 15-30 minutes 3 2 sq.ft at 0.1 in. spot size, 15-20 minutes
Accuracy 4 Within one spot size 4 Within one spot size 4 Within one spot size 4 Within one spot size
Problems encountered during Demonstration 3 Sensor mount design did not keep sensor securely in place, PC hung at times 3 Sensor mount design did not keep sensor securely in place 3 Difficult to maintain couplant, no choice on max, min data update 3 Conflect of resulted in false positions frequently
USABILITY
Ease of Scan for Examiner 3 Area greater than 1 sq. ft. is very labor intensive 4 Area greater than 1sq. ft. is easily done even overhead scans 2 Area greater than 1 sq. ft. is very labor intensive 2 Area greater than 1 sq. ft. is very labor intensive
Vertical Obstruction Clearance Needed 3 Height of scanner plus examiner arm clearance 4 Height of scanner 4 Height of scanner and clearance for inspector 4 Height of scanner and clearance for inspector
SOFTWARE
Ease of Use for Examiner 3 User menus 3 User menus 4 Easy user menus 4 Easy user menus
Ease of Setup Input Parameters 4 Icon file menu for easy input parameters 3 Software use not easy for scan parameter input 4 Routine setup files and user defined inputs 4 Easy setup file input or change on-screen data
Data Acquisition 4 8 bit digitizer, rf
486/33 PC
4 8 bit digitizer, rf
486/25 PC
4 8 bit digitizer
386/33 PC
5 16 bit digitizer
486/50 PC
Image Display
Image Aspect Ratio
5 Real time 256 colors 1 to 1 5 Real time 256 colors 1 to 1 4 Real time 16 colors 1 to 1 4 Real time 16 colors 1 to 1
Image & Data Processing 5 Zoom, TOF, 32 gates, B-scan, new palettes etc. 5 Zoom, TOF, 32 gates, B-scan, new palettes etc. 5 Feature extraction is added software 5 Zoom, etc, options many, 16 bit impedance vectors
Hard Copy 5 Immediate with print screen software & printer 5 Immediate with print screen software & printer 5 Immediate with print screen software & printer 5 Immediate with print screen software & printer
Operator Training for Experience Level 3 3 to 5 days
Level II
3 3 to 5 days
Level II
4 2 days
Level II
4 2 days
Level II
NDI Mode Support
Ultrasonic (UT)
Eddy Current (ET)
Bond Tester
5 Any analog output
Tested/SAIC UT card
Tested/Rohmann(elotest)
Yes/Test Simulated
5 Any analog output
Tested/SAIC UT card
Yes/Not Tested
Yes/Test Simulated
5 Any analog output
Tested/UT ext module
Tested/Nortec 19c
Yes/Not Tested
3 Eddy Current Only
No
Yes
No
COST
Hardware & Software 3 ~$65,000 minimum for system, extra software $10,000 3 ~$65,000 minimum for system, extra software $10,000 4 ~$30,000 for system plus $7,000 for scanner 4 ~$25,000 for EC PC system and scanner
SUMMARY
Pros Easier to use than random manual scanners, extensive software capability. Not as labor intensive to operate as manual SAIC scanner, good for long inspection times. Light weight; easy attachment intuitive software maneuvering. Free movement of probe over complex geometries; excellent ET 16 bit data acquisition and display.
Cons Tedious for large area and overhead scans. need experience to use software effectively. Probe holder severely scratched surface, probe hoder not designed for easy continuous use. Not easy to fill inspection area, probe holder design not adequate for UT straight beam examinations. False X-Y positions from triangulation system hinders scanned image coverage.
Conclusion Adequate for small local area UT & ET scans. Good scanner possibilities for most inspection purposes with an improved holder. Good only for small area ET scans. Excellent for ET scans of complex geometries; tedious for large area scanning.

continued
FEATURE AND FACTORS COMPANY AND SCANNER
McDonnell Douglas


MAUS III
Panametrics
Automated systems

MULTISCAN
Sierra Matrix
Head Up Display

HF-UTV
Failure Analysis
Associates

PARIS
DESIGN
Basic Design and Scan Motion
4 Hand held manipulater of 1 to 4 oscillating sensors Semi-automated 2 Rectangular Bridge with rigid X-Y motion Automated 3 Tilting Tee BarX-Y linear motion X axis auto-step, Y random 4 2-D Array of 0.25 inch square transducer elements Electronic XY
Mount Type 4 Scanner is held in place by hand and is moved to and fro to form image 4 Four independent suction cups with AC vacuum pump 2 Miniature scanner taped in place, heads up display and backpack PC 4 RTV Rubber suction blanket with AC vacuum pump
Probe Holder and Gimbals Design 4 Excellent 2 Inadequate, needs design improvement 3 Adequate x NA
Couplant Feed
UT only, NA for ET
2 Spray or wipe on 4 Water feed or squirtered at sensor holder 2 Spray or wipe on 5 Spary on water, feed not needed
Scanner Working Distance Height 4 Minimum 10 inches 3 Minimum 15 inches 4 Minimum 6 inches 5 Minimum 1 inches
X-Y Axis Resolution 5 0.04 inch 5 0.01 inch 5 0.05 inch 3 0.25 inch
PORTABILITY
Scanner Weigth 4 3 lbs 2 25 lbs 4 5 lbs 5 1 lb
Ruggedness 5 Excellent 5 Excellent 5 Excellent 5 Excellent
Deployment Ease 5 Excellent 4 Good 3 Adequate 5 Excellent
Computer Hardware 5 Portable work station 3 Rack mounted chasis 5 In back worn by user 5 Excellent
Motor Controller 5 Card in mainframe 3 Rack mounted 5 In back pack worn by user x Not Applicable
ARTICULATION
Complex Shapes 4 Scanner is usable on flat and moderate dual curvatures that are horizontal vertical or overhead 3 Scanner is usable only on flat or slightly curved surfaces, can be mounted on vertical sides and overhead 3 Scanner is usable only on small flatt and moderate curvatures, horizontal, vertical, and overhead 4 Scanner is usable on flat and curvatures up to 1 foor radius, horizontal, vertical, or overhead
SurfaceConditions 3 No problem over waviness (pillowing) or raised joints and edges 3 Sensor holder was not designed for pillowing in surface no problem for squirter 4 Slight problem over pillowing and corrosion pits etc. 3 Scanner can not operate over raised rivets, raised joints need to be filled at vacuum seal
PERFORMANCE
Speed of Coverage 4 2 sq. ft at 0.1 in. spotsize, 10-15 minutes 4 2 sq. ft at 0.1 in. spot size, 10-15 minutes 2 2 sq. ft at 0.1 in. spot size, over 45 minutes 3 2 sq. ft at 0.25 in. spot size, 15 -30 minutes
Accuracy 4 Within one spot size 4 Within one spot size 4 Within one spot size 3 0.25 inch
Problems encountered during Demonstration 3 Longitudinal encoder wheels slipped on wet UT couplant on aluminum surface 3 Probe was not held firm against curved surface at all times 3 Consistant transducer couplant was not achieved with gel or water 4 Initiating vacuum seal was not immediate in some cases for the array blanket
USABILITY
Ease of Scan for Examiner 2 Area greater than 1 sq. ft. is easily inspected, but overhead usage is tedious 4 Area greater than 1sq. ft. could be done with squirter technolgy 2 Area greater than 1 sq. ft. is very labor intensive 4 Area greater than 1 sq. ft. is easily done
Vertical Obstruction Clearance Needed 3 Height of scanner and clearance for inspector 4 Height of scanner 4 Height of scanner and clearance for inspector 5 Height of scanner
SOFTWARE
Ease of Use for Examiner 4 Easy window user menus 3 Window menus not as easy to use as possible 3 Window menus not as easy to use as possible 5 Easy user menus with function keys operation
Ease of Setup Input Parameters 4 Easy setup menue and recall user files 4 Software use needs training, macros eases its use 4 Easy setup file input or change on-screen data 4 Easy setup file input or change on-screen data
Data Acquisition Characteristics 4 8 bit digitizer
Unix operation system
4 8 bit 400 MHz digitizer, rf
486/33 PC
4 8 bit 64 MHz digitizer, rf
486/25 PC
4 8 bit 100 MHz ADC, rf
486/33 PC
Image Display
Image Aspect Ratio
4 Real time 16 colors 1 to 1 5 256 colors, multi-window 1 to 1 1 Real time, monochrome 1 to 1 4 Real time 16 bit levels 1 to 1
Image & Data Processing 5 TOF, phase, Framaker to make montage of scans 5 Zoom, TOF, B-scan, A-scan, new palettes etc. 4 C-scan, B-scan images analysed after rf scan 5 A-, B-, C-scan, 3-D, TOF, waveform averaging
Hard Copy 4 Only after data set is post analysed 5 Immediate with print screen software & printer 4 Only after data set is post analysed 5 Immediate with print screen software & printer
Operator Training for Experience Level 3 5 days
Level II
3 3 to 5 days
Level II
4 2 days
Level II
4 2 days
Level II
NDI Mode Support
Ultrasonic (UT)
Eddy Current (ET)
Bond Tester
5 UT, ET, Bond test
Tested/MCAIR card
Tested/MCAIR card
Tested/MCAIR card
5 UT only
Tested/Panametrics
Yes/Not Tested
Yes/Not Tested
5 UT or ET
Tested/Sierra Matrix
Yes/Not Tested
Yes/Not Tested
3 UT only
Tested/PARIS
No
No
COST
Hardware & Software 2 ~$140,000 minimum for one mode, $156,000 for all three modes 3 ~$50,000 total system UT scanner and software 2 ~$120,000 UT system and scanner 3 ~$65,000 total system, Array and software
SUMMARY
Pros Handy and fast local area scanner flat and moderate curvatures, very effective far composite UT inspections. Very comprehensive and superior data acquisition and display system for squirter technology. Very portable compact system Can work in small area and move quickly between new locations. Very good scanner for smooth surfaces >> 1 foot radius excellent thickness resolution with PVDF 7MHz transducers.
Cons Tedious and heavy for overhead use, aluminum surface is scratched; expensive. Scanner is heavy, versitility limited for aging aircraft applications of portable systems. Heads up display did not improve scanning capabilities for C-scan imaging for aircraft; expensive. Cannot be used on surfaces with raised rivets etc.
Conclusion A very effective scanner for fast multiple-mode inspections very good for composites, and repairpatch evaluation Portable squirter system not immediately useful for aging aircraft inspections. Useful inspection tool for A-scan inspection in remote areas; no added value for C-scans. Very useful scanner for composites characterization and composite repair patch assessment.

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© Copyright 1. Nov 1997 Rolf Diederichs, rd@ndt.net