Questions & Answeres

NDT.net - May 2000, Vol. 5 No. 5

Questions & Answeres
- Radiographic Testing Quiz

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Disclaimer: The Q&A are based on the references which are mentioned for each question. They do not necessarily represent the opinions of the publisher, nor should they be considered endorsements of any mentioned product or service.

All Levels	Question	[Ref] read
1	How to produce an optimum image quality?	- Brant (Article)
	a) Small focal spot size
	b) High X-ray energy level
	c) Balanced approach between focal spot size and X-ray energy level

2	What effect has "Image Blooming"?	- Brant (Article)
	a) Noisy image
	b) Bleeding out the image at the edge of the casting
	c) No penetration of the casting

3	What wall thickness range corresponds to EN444, EN1435 and ISO 5579 using IR-192 (Class B)	- Ewert (Article)
	a) 10 - 100 mm
	b) 20 - 90 mm
	c) 14- 40 mm

4	European film system classes are defined from system class C1 to C6 corresponding to EN 584-1. What is the the flaw perceptibility ratio if you compare the minimum perceptible flaw size of class C6 and C1 (at same wall thickness, energy, optical density and neglected scattering)	Ref: - Ewert (email)
	a) 1.5 - 1
	b) 2 - 1
	c) 3 - 1

5	Advantages of Film Array Digitization	- Zscherpel (Article)
	a) No moving parts during digitization
	b) Excellent suitable for large films
	c) High dynamic range

6	What is the special problem for NDT film digitization ?	- Zscherpel (Article)
	a) Optical film densities higher then 3 must be digitized
	b) The geometrical resolution is higher than 2000 dpi
	c) Scanning time per film must be less than 1 minute

7	What is the acceptable density contrast sensitivity (in optical densities) of a film scanner for NDT film digitization?	- Zscherpel (Article)
	a) 0.1
	b) 0.02
	c) 0.001

8	Generally, the total work load that an x-ray tube can be safely operated at is limited by	Ref: - Jaundrell
	a) radiation intensity at 1 metre
	b) line voltage to the high tension transformer
	c) heat generated at the target and anode
	d) none of the above
9	A vacuum tube with two electrodes is called a	Ref: - Jaundrell
	a) wheatstone bridge
	b) diode
	c) pentode
	d) triode
10	In an x-ray tube, the target , usually tungsten, is mounted in the solid copper	Ref: - Jaundrell
	a) filament
	b) focusing cup
	c) cathode
	d) anode
11	In an x-ray tube, which quality is not consideration when choosing materials to construct the anode?	Ref: - Jaundrell
	a) high melting point
	b) high atomic number
	c) high atomic mass
	d) high heat disipation ability
12	The reason for using a rotating anode is	Ref: - Jaundrell
	a) to reduce heating on the filament
	b) to increase radiation output
	c) to keep the apparent focus small
	d) a combination of b and c
13	The usual ferrous sulphate dosimeter (Fricke) is	Ref: - Training Manual 2
	a) ferrous sulphate in dilute sulphuric acid
	b) a single large crystal
	c) a dry powder
	d) evaporated on platinum rods
14	Polymerization of monomers by radiation is a principle used in	Ref: - Training Manual 2
	a) chemical dosimetry
	b) film radiography
	c) xeroradiography
	d) autoradiography
15	If 5000 Joules of energy are released in a 100mA, 1 second exposure, the tube potential is	Ref: - Jaundrell
	a) 5 kV
	b) 50 kV
	c) 500 kV
	d) 5000 kV
16	Heat in an oil immersed high voltage transformer used for an x-ray machine is removed by	Ref: - Jaundrell
	a) conduction
	b) convection
	c) sublimation
	d) chemical reaction
17	In a high voltage transformer used in an x-ray machine, the output power to input power ratio is its	Ref: - Jaundrell
	a) step up ratio
	b) step down ratio
	c) efficiency
	d) turns ratio
18	The filament transformer used in a x-ray tube has a transformer ratio of typically	Ref: - Jaundrell
	a) 1:20
	b) 1:1
	c) 20:1
	d) 500:1
19	For maximum image sharpness the plane of the film and the plane of the object should be	Ref: - ASNT
	a) parallel
	b) perpendicular
	c) at 45ø
	d) imaginary
20	Maximum magnification of a radiographic image occurs for parts	Ref: - ASNT
	a) at right angles to the beam
	b) midway between source and film
	c) nearest the film
	d) with the greatest distance to the film
21	Radiographic image magnification by placing the film at a distance from the object is practical when using linatrons and betatrons because	Ref: - ASNT
	a) natural magnification occurs with high energy x-rays
	b) of their large beam spread
	c) of the small focal spot size
	d) high energy x-rays have such short wavelengths
22	If the wavelength of green light is 5 x 10^-5 cm, its velocity in a vacuum is	Ref: - Training Manual 2
	a) 3.0 x 10^10 cm/s
	b) 4.13 x 10^-18 keV.s
	c) 3.14 x 10^24 m/s
	d) not possible to calculate
23	In an ionization chamber used for radiation detection, if insufficient voltage is applied to the electrodes	Ref: - Training Manual 2
	a) ions do not properly adhere to electrode
	b) no current flows in the circuit
	c) radiation will not ionize the gas
	d) ions created will recombine prior to reaching the electrodes
24	The negative electrode of an x-ray tube is always called the	Ref: - Jaundrell
	a) filament
	b) anode
	c) grid
	d) cathode
25	An x-ray tube filament has	Ref: - Jaundrell
	a) several hundred kV across it
	b) about 10 volts across it
	c) no more than 500mV flowing through it
	d) several hundred amps flowing through it
26	The focal spot of the x-ray tube is located	Ref: - Jaundrell
	a) at the filament
	b) at the cathode
	c) at the anode
	d) midway between the anode and cathode
27	The reason the focal spot of the x-ray tube is kept small is to	Ref: - Jaundrell
	a) reduce heat generated
	b) increase x-ray energy
	c) limit the degree of image penumbra
	d) obtain monochromatic radiation

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References


Zscherpel (Article)	Film digitisation systems for DIR : Standards, Requirements, Archiving and Printing, U. Zscherpel BAM Berlin

Ewert (Article)	Good Workmanship in DIR and European Standardisation, U. Ewert, M. Purschke, P. Willems

Brant (Article)	The Use of X-ray Inspection Techniques To Improve Quality and Reduce Costs, F. Brant Yxlon Int. Inc.

Training Manual 2	Minister of Supply and Services Canada Training Manual 2, Radiation hazard Control in Industrial Radiography, Health and Welfare Canada, 1982. , (NDT TestMaker Software)

Jaundrell	Jaundrell-Thompson,F. & Ashworth, W.K., X-ray Physics and Equipment, Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1965 , (NDT TestMaker Software)

Ewert (email)	Email correspondence with "Dr. Uwe Ewert" uwe.ewert@bam.de.,

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Questions & Answeres - Radiographic Testing Quiz

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Questions & Answeres
- Radiographic Testing Quiz